This paper uses the 7th census data to investigate influencing factors and spatial heterogeneity of China's interprovincial migration destinations from 2015 to 2020. The results show that recent changes in the macroeconomic environment and the New-type Urbanization Plan have attracted migrants to move back to the less developed provinces in central and western China. Meanwhile, the difference in regional economic development has narrowed. Therefore, the destination for interprovincial migration is decentralized. Economic factors such as the urban-rural income gap are still the most important factors affecting migration choice, while their influences have weakened significantly. Spatial factors have also been less important due to better traffic conditions. Migrants tend to move to places with good humanistic and social environments. There is also spatial heterogeneity in the influencing factors on interprovincial migration destinations.

This paper compares the differences of the relationships between labour transfer and rural household income in mountainous and non-mountainous areas by extending the NELM(new economics of labour migration)framework. Empirical results show that labour reduction imposes a much less negative influence on the agricultural income in non-mountainous areas than in mountainous areas. Remittances exert a substitution effect on agricultural income in mountainous rural areas whereas have a growth effect in non-mountainous rural areas. The effects of labour transfer on agricultural and non-agricultural income are consistent in both terrain conditions. The reasons mainly locate in the difficulties in the development of the agricultural production mechanization. As a consequence,it is more difficult to improve overall rural local wage level in the mountainous regions by labour migration,and thus excessive labour
transfer and poverty tend to follow.

In the past 30 years of reform and opening-up,China′s urbanization rate has been increasing monotonically from a very low level with the rapidly growing economy.In 2011 the urbanization rate of China reached 51.27%.However,in the context of the dual-structural society based on the household registration system of China,there has been lagged development of urbanization which has impeded industrialization and non-agriculturalization,and the excessively rapid urbanization would be detrimental to the new countryside construction.Land urbanization expands lavishly,exploiting rural areas and the peasants and resulting enlarging urban-rural gap and intensifying social conflicts.To promote healthy development of urbanization in China,a radical change must be made in the dual social structure based on the household registration system.

Using data collected by the authors from the 2008 Shanghai Health and Migration Sample Survey,this paper examines the living conditions and health status of urban migrants.Compared with the local residents,migrants have better physical and mental health but worse living conditions,and particularly they have clear disadvantages in all aspects of housing conditions.Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables,the regression results confirms that living conditions is one of the important social determinants of health,but different variables of living conditions have different direction and magnitude of impacts on different health indicators.Moreover,the interaction analysis shows that the impact of living conditions on health generally tend to be weaker for migrants than for local residents,and different variables of living conditions have different impact on these two groups’ health status.This conclusion is important to relevant administrative departments for making policies on improving migrants’ living conditions and health outcomes.

1st October 2009 is the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China.Over the last 60 years,particularly since the reform and opening up,China has completed the historical transition of population reproduction,becoming demographically a developed country.In order to celebrate the achievements of China’s population and demography,this issue of Population and Development Forum has invited some distinguished Chinese demographers to summarize and discuss the major changes and progress that have been made in population and demography in China over the 60 years.Professor Wu Cangping examines the irreplaceable position of demography as a discipline in China.Professor Li Jianmin highlights the unique pattern of China’s demographic transition in the context of changing population policy.Professor Wang Guixin looks at changing patterns of migration in China in the context of socio-economic changes in China.Professor Gui Shixun explores China’s old-age security system in the context of rapid aging in China.Finally Professor Yuan Xin calls for both theoretical and empirical researches on the unprecedented demographic challenges in China now and future.